2004年8月18日射箭、体操

央视国际 2004年08月18日 17:07

　　著名的中国体操选手杨威将强力冲击男子体操全能金牌。

　　

　　射箭项目基础英语词汇

　　Archery 射箭

　　archery range 射箭场

　　arrow 箭

　　bow 弓

　　buttress 箭靶

　　creep 放箭犹豫

　　draw 拉弓，开弓

　　field archery 多位多靶射箭

　　hit 中靶

　　point of impact on target 中靶点

　　zone 环

　　阅读和理解Archery

　　Archery is the art of shooting arrows from a bow with the object of hitting a target. In international competitions, it is both an individual sport and a team sport. Bows are made out of plastic, steel, fiberglass, and laminated wood. The art of archery is called toxophily. The archer is called the toxophilist.

　　The most popular kinds of archery are target archery and field-archery. In target archery, the target is painted with five colored scoring rings——from white on the outside through black, blue, and red to gold on the inside. The gold is called the bull. Points range from one for the outer white to ten for the bull. The archer shoots at the target from distances of thirty metres up to ninety metres.

　　The bow and arrow were originally used for hunting or as weapons of war. Archery is now regarded as a recreational activity. Archery was included in the first modern Olympics at Athens in 1896. After 1920, it was omitted from the Olympic Games, but it was reintroduced at Munich in 1972. In 1931 the International Archery Federation was founded. In the same year, the first World Archery Championships were held.

　　Dominant nations in world archery include the USA, Russia, and Korea. Archery requires balance, concentration, coordination, and a sense of timing.

　　射 箭

　　射箭是用弓把箭射出射中在预定目标，打在靶上的技艺。国际比赛有个人项目也有团体项目。弓由塑料，钢，玻璃纤维和木片制造。射箭技艺（艺术）叫弓箭术。射箭者叫弓箭手（射箭爱好者）。

　　最流行射箭项目是室外和野外射箭比赛。室外射箭比赛的箭靶涂有五个彩色得分环。从外向内，由白色，黑色，蓝色，红色，靶心是金色构成。金色靶心叫 “黄心”。 记分方法是：射中外面的白色环得一分——直到（射中）黄心得10分。射箭手与靶的距离为30米至90米。

　　弓箭最初是打猎和战争用的武器。射箭现在被当作是娱乐活动。射箭列入奥运会项目是在1896年第一届雅典奥运会。1920年以后的奥运会没有再设这一项目。然而1972年慕尼黑奥运会又列入了奥运会项目。国际射箭联合会成立于1931年。同年，举行了第一届世界锦标赛。

　　在世界射箭运动中占优势的国家有美国，俄国，韩国。射箭运动要求有平衡，注意力集中，协调和时间感觉等素质和能力。

　　体操项目基础英语词汇

　　Gymnastics 体操

　　Rhythmic Sportive Gymnastics 艺术体操

　　air spring 空翻

　　apparatus exercise 器械体操

　　asymmetrical bars 高低杠

　　artistic gymnastics 艺术体操

　　rhythmic sportive gymnastics 艺术体操

　　competitive rhythmic gymnastics 艺术体操

　　back flip 后空翻

　　ball 球

　　balance beam 平衡木

　　body bent 屈体

　　buck 鞍马

　　build up 动作编排

　　chin 引体向上

　　club(s) 棒，俱乐部

　　compulsories 规定动作

　　compulsory 规定动作，强迫的

　　elegance 优美

　　extended arm 直臂

　　final position 结束姿势

　　flip-flop 后手翻

　　flic-flac 后手翻

　　floor exercise 自由体操

　　giant 大回环

　　giant swings 大回环

　　guard grips 四指孔护掌

　　gymnast 体操运动员

　　hoop 圈

　　horizontal bar 单杠

　　maximum score 满分

　　optional exercise 自选动作

　　kip 屈身上，屈伸起

　　parallels 双杠

　　parallelbar 双杠

　　pike position 屈体（弓背，直腿，身体在腰部折成V形）

　　planche 水平支撑

　　pommel horse 鞍马

　　press handstand 慢起手倒立

　　ribbon 带（绶带，饰带）

　　ring 吊环

　　rope 绳

　　salto 空翻

　　starting score 起评分

　　superior difficulty 高难度

　　thigh circle 挂大腿回环

　　trampoline 绷床

　　tsukahara (跳马)原跳（跳起侧手翻内转90°接后空翻成站立）

　　undergrip 反握

　　uneven bars 高低杠

　　vault 跳马，跳跃

　　voluntary 自选动作，志愿的

　　wobble a little 身体晃了一下

　　阅读和理解Gymnastics

　　Gymnastics is a system of physical exercises practiced in competition as a sport and also to promote physical development by training the body. Gymnastics requires men and women to demonstrate strength, balance, body control and grace on floor exercises as well as on pieces of equipment.

　　Floor exercises are performed on a mat twelve metres square. There are compulsory and voluntary exercises in every event. Apparatus or pieces of equipment include the vault, beam and asymmetrical bars for women; and the vault, pommel horse, horizontal bar, parallel bars and rings for men..

　　Gymnastics is derived from the Greek word “gymnasium” which means “a place for exercising naked”. In ancient Greece, all cities had gymnasiums. Physical education was an important part of Greek education.

　　A German soldier called Jahn is regarded as the father of modern gymnastics. He invented several pieces of equipment including the parallel bars, the horizontal bar and the rings. At first, strength was most important. Then rhythm and fluency of movement were introduced as in the floor exercises.

　　The International Federation of Gymnastics was founded in 1881. Gymnastics was included in the first modern Olympics in 1896. Dominant nations in world gymnastics are China, Russia, Japan the United States and Eastern European countries.

　　体 操

　　体操是运用整套人体动作完成的一项竞技运动，也是训练人体促进其发育的训练活动。体操运动要求男女运动员在地面和器械上展现出力量，平衡，协调，身体控制和动作的优美。

　　自由体操在12平方米的体操板上进行。每项比赛都有规定动作和自选动作。器械项目女子有跳马，平衡木，高低杠；男子有跳马，鞍马，单杠，双杠和吊环。

　　“体操”英文一词是来源于希腊文的“gymnasium”。意思是“一处不穿衣服做练习的地方”。在古希腊，所有城市里都有这种地方，体育（教育）是希腊教育的重要组成部分。

　　一个叫“杨”的德国士名，被看作是现代体操之父。他发明了一些体操器械，包括双杠单杠和吊环。最初，力量认为是最重要的。以后，动作的节奏和流畅被吸收到体操中来。

　　国际体操联合会成立于1881年。体操列入了1896年第一届现代奥运会。现在，体操运动处于领先地位的国家有中国，俄国，日本，美国和东欧一些国家。

　　Rhythmic Sportive Gymnastics

　　Rhythmic sportive gymnastics is a sport for women containing elements of the floor exercise with the added skill of pieces of hand apparatus. The five pieces of apparatus are the rope, hoop, ball, clubs, and ribbon. They must be used like an extension of the gymnast’s body and should harmonize with the rhythm of her body’s movement and expression.

　　Competitions take place on a carpet floor area twelve metres square. Exercises include the team all-around competition, the individual all-around competition and the finals by apparatus individual competition. There is also the group all-around comp-etition and the group exercises final competition.

　　The International Gymnastics Federation was founded in 1881. Gymnastics was included in the first modern Olympics at Athens in 1896. But events for women were only introduced in 1928. Rhythmic sportive gymnastics is a modern form of gymnastics and became an Olympic event at Los Angeles in 1984.

　　Rhythmic sportive gymnastics requires agility and flexibility, balance and coordination, grace and poise, dexterity, expression and a sense of rhythm.

　　艺 术 体 操

　　艺术体操是使用轻器械连续做自由体操动作的女子运动项目。艺术体操器械是绳，圈，球，棒，带，这些器械作为运动员身体的延伸，与她的身体的运动节奏和谐地融为一体并有（丰富的）表现力。

　　比赛在12平方米的正方形地毯上进行。比赛包括（个人）团体赛，个人全能比赛和个人单项器械决赛。还有集体全能比赛和集体单套决赛。

　　国际体操联合会成立于1881。体操在1896年在雅典第一届现代奥运会上已列入奥运会项目。但女子体操项目1928年才进入奥运会。艺术体操是现代形式的体操项目，在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上成为奥运会项目。

　　艺术体操运动要求（运动员）具备灵敏和柔韧，平衡和协调，优美和稳定，熟练，丰富的表现力和节奏感。